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REVISION QUESTIONS

These pages are demonstration pages of mixed mode deli very for an on-campus course. The curriculum and course structure has changed substantially for 1998, but these pages have been retained here as an example of a particular use of the Web in teaching.

1. The action of drugs on the CNS is called _______________
2. Name two examples of drugs being used for economic and social control by European colonial powers. What drugs were involved?
3. What is a Schedule 4 drug? Give an example.
4. When a drug is being developed, it is tested on tissue cultures and animals before being used in humans. What is this non-human stage if testing called?
5. The official name of a drug as used in text books is the ___________ name.
6. The classification system whereby drugs are divided into categories according to the disorder for which they are used , is based on the _____________ or _________ use of the drug.

1. The _________, _________ and _________ of a drug depends on the route of administration.
2. The fastest route of administration is _________
3. Name two less conventional ways in which drugs for migraine may be given.
4. The products of biotransformation in the liver are called _________
5. The dose at which an effect is seen is called the _________
6. The difference between the effective dose and the lethal dose is called the _________ or the _________.
7. When an action potential is triggered _________ ions enter the neuron. This phase is called the _________ phase of the action potential.
8. The _________ _________ is the charge across the membrane of an inactive neuron.
9. The membrane of the axon terminal is called the _________ membrane.
10. Neurotransmitters are stored in tiny _________ in the axon terminal.

1. When a neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic gap and alters the ionic permeability of the post- synaptic membrane so that the interior of the post- synaptic neuron becomes more negative, the process is called _________polarization and an _________ post- synaptic potential is produced.
2. The neurotransmitter thought to be involved in the control of mood is _________ .
3. The neurotransmitter thought to be involved in the control of movement is _________ .
4. Receptors are made up of _________ _________ of _________ .
5. Up-regulation of receptors means an _________ in the _________ of _________ of receptors.
6. Give four major elements of the second messenger system .
7. The binding of these four elements in series requires a change in the _________ _________ of the next element.
8. Give four changes in the neuron which can occur following the activation of a second messenger system.
9. The major source of energy for cells is _________
10. Specific molecules can be actively transported across the cell membrane by a _________

1. An example of a drug which act on the cell membrane is _______________
2. Monoamine oxidase is an _______________ which acts by _______________ in the _______________
3. A drug which blocks the access of a neurotransmitter to its receptors is called a/an _______________
4. Reserpine acts by interfering with the storage of 3 neurotransmitters which are _______________, _______________ and _______________
5. Examples of drugs which retards reuptake of neurotransmitter into vesicles in the pre-synaptic neuron are _______________ and _______________
6. The amount of drug needed to obtain a particular response indicates the _______________ of the drug.
7. If you are showing a reduced response to a particular dose of drug when, in the past, this dose has elicited a response, you are probably _______________ to the drug.
8. Give two reasons why females and males may respond differently to the same dose of a drug.
9. An inactive substance given to control for a person's expectations about the effects of a drug is called a _______________
10. Name one example of a drug which affects motivation.

1. What group of drugs are used as so-called truth drugs?
2. What was the first psychoactive drug found to be effective for the treatment of schizophrenia?
3. The most serious side effect of antipsychotic drugs is _______________ _______________
4. Tricyclic antidepressant are used to treat _______________
5. Lithium is used to treat _______________
6. The newest type of antidepressants are called _______________
7. Name three different neurotransmitter systems which are involved in anxiety and panic disorders.

1. In Alzheimers-type Senile Dementia, the neurotransmitter system most affected is the _______________ system.
2. _______________ is an anticholinergic drug which acts by _______________
3. Anticholinergic drugs improve memory. True of false?
4. Catecholamines improve memory. True of false?
5. The neuropeptide which has been shown to improve human memory is _______________
6. Benzodiazepines may induce _______________ amnesia.
7. Chronic long-term alcohol abuse may lead to _______________ syndrome
8. It takes the liver about .... hour to breakdown _______________ milligrams of alcohol
9. Babies born to mothers who drink heavily during pregnancy may suffer from _______________ syndrome.
10. Benzodiazepines are often used to control the symptoms during withdrawal from alcohol. Why?

1. Caffeine acts by _______________ _______________ _______________
2. Nicotine acts on _______________ receptors
3. Nicotine or drugs like it may be useful in the treatment of _______________
4. Benzodiazepines act by _______________ the effects of GABA
5. Give six clinical conditions in which benzodiazepine are used.
6. When drugs cause a total unexpected response, we call this a _______________ effect.
7. Which benzodiazepine has been reported to cause total amnesia?
8. If a benzodiaepine is used together with alcohol, a _______________ interaction would be expected because both drugs _______________ the CNS.

1. What are two psychological effects of steroids?
2. High use of steroids may lead to a condition with symptoms that resemble a mental disorder. What disorder is this?
3. Learning depends to some extent on restoration of the original condition in which learning was acquired. What is this type of learning?
4. The active ingredient in cannabis is _______________
5. Cannabis _______________ appetite.
6. Cannabis alters our perception of _______________ and _______________
7. If cannabis is combined with alcohol the _______________ effects on the CNS are _______________
8. The most powerful form of cannabis is _______________
9. When taken orally, effects commence within _______________, but when smoked, effects commence within _______________
10. In vulnerable people, cannabis may precipitate a psychiatric condition with symptoms similar to _______________

As a psychopharmacologist, could you comment on these events and offer an explanation for his atypical behaviour?

2. Ms T. was driving home from a friend's house in the country, at about 2 a.m., when she felt very tired and lost control of the car on a straight stretch of road. Although she was not injured, the car was damaged beyond repair. Ms T is a small person, who does not normally drink alcohol. On this night, as it was her friend's birthday, she had two glasses of wine with dinner and a small liqueur with her coffee. In addition, because she was suffering from a headache, she had visited a pharmacy on the way to her friend's house and had been prescribed a tablet which contained some codeine. She took two tablets before arriving at her friend's house and another two during the evening. Ms T. explained the accident to her parents as being due to the late hour.

As a psychopharmacologist, could you comment on her explanation ? Is there an alternative explanation?

3. Mr K comes home in a very disoriented state. His parents are sure that he has been using drugs as he has injection marks on his arm, but they are not sure what sort of drug it might be. His speech is slurred, he is very drowsy and his pupils are very small.

What class of drug do you think Mr K is using. (Hint: use your handout with the tables of drug effects and routes of administration)

4. Ms. G is a small person who weighs 75kg. Her parents have noticed that her mood and energy level fluctuates quite a bit and believe she may be using drugs. What might this drug be? How would you know?